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Introduction to Islamic Philosophy
2016-2017-2018
Introduction to Islamic Philosophy
2016-2017-2018
Lecture 1, 16/09/2016
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Introduction to Philosophy
The Origins of the Term Philosophy
Subject Matter of Philosophy
Difference between Absolute Existence and Existence in the Absolute Sense
Lecture 2, 23/09/2016
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
An Introduction to Two Main Schools of Islamic Philosophical Thought before Sadra
Hikmat al Masha’ – Peripatetic Philosophy
Hikmat al Ishraq – the School of Illumination
Differences between Plato and Aristotle
Plato’s View on Muthal – idea of ideas
Human Spirit
Plato’s View regarding the human soul’s knowledge
Different Trends in Islamic Intellectual Discourse
Mystical Approach
Differences between Philosophers and Mystics
Theological Approach
Differences between Philosophy and Theology
Lecture 3, 21/10/2016
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Hikmat al-Muta’aliya – transcendent philosophy
The Four Journeys of Spiritual Wayfaring and Sadra’s Corresponding Discussions
Definition of Philosophy
Subject Matter of Science
Subject Matter of Philosophy
Methodology used in Philosophy
Benefit of Studying Philosophy
The Five Main Issues Studied in Philosophy
Lecture 4, 28/10/2016
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Features of the Concept of Existence
Self-Evident
A Discussion about the two types of Definition
A Discussion regarding the Concept of Existence having One Meaning but Different Types
Arguments proving that Existence is Mushtarakun ma’nawiyun – having one meaning and different types
Existence can be divided
Existence and non-Existence are Contradictory
Argument through Mahiyyah – quiddity
Lecture 5, 04/11/2016
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
A discussion on Existence and Essence
Lack of Distinction between the Essence and Existence of Allah
Arguments for the Distinction between Existence and Essence
Essence does not necessarily need to Exist
Essence needs to be Proved
Inability to Think of them Separately if they were the Same
Unity of Existence and Essence in the External World
Lecture 6, 18/11/2016
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Features of Existence
Graded Hierarchy of Existence
Two Principles of Understanding Graded Hierarchy of Existence
Existence of Reality
Multiplicity
Ideas Regarding Multiplicity
Unity of Existence – the View of the Mystics
The View of the Peripatetic Philosophers
A Third View Regarding Multiplicity
Gradation in Quiddity
Lecture 7, 02/12/2016
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Explaining the Concept of ‘what is Common is also What Differentiates between Existents’
Arguments for the Gradation of Existence
Different Realities Exist that Share the Same Reality but have Different Degrees
Disproving Realities being a Hundred Percent Different from One Another
The Argument of the Concept of Ten Categories
Argument according to Primordality of Existence
Feature of Non-Existence’
Being Void of Distinction and Causality
An Introduction to the Impossibility of Restoring that which has Ceased to Exist
Lecture 8, 09/12/2016
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Difference between Exact Restoration and Similar Restoration
Arguments for the Impossibility of Restoring that which has Ceased to Exist
There can be no Gap between Something and Itself
Argument based on Primordality of Existence
Argument through the Concept of Motion and Time
Perception
An Introduction to Mental Existence
Lecture 9, 16/12/2016
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Fakhr Razi’s View Regarding Knowledge
Arguments to Prove Mental Existence
Argument through Judgments in a Statement
Argument through Universal Concepts
A Concept in its Simplicity
Objections to Mental Existence
Bringing two things Together that are Apparently Contradictory
Fakh Razi’s Answer to the Objection
Fadil Qushji’s Answer to the Objection
The Idea of Transformation
Muhaqqiq Dawani’s Idea
Sadra’s Answer to the Objection
Sadra’s Distinction between Two Types of Predication
An Introduction to Primary and Secondary Philosophical Intelligibles
Lecture 10, 27/01/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Three Types of Concepts
Al-Mahsusat – Sensations
Al-Mutakhayyalat – Concepts Initially Understood through Sensation but Stored in Memory
Al-Maqulat – Intelligibles
Division of Intelligibles into Primary and Secondary
Classification and Features of Intelligibles
Three Differences between Primary and Secondary Intelligibles
Lecture 11, 10/02/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Unity of the Knower and the Known
Self-Knowledge
Knowledge of Others
Two Examples to help Understand the Difference Between Sadra and Ibn Sina’s Views
Ibn Sina’a View
Sadra’s View
Lecture 12 part I, 17/02/2017
Video Audio
Lecture 12 part II, 17/02/2017
Video Audio
Theses lectures study the following:
Criterion for the Truth
Al-qadiyyah al-shakhsiyyah – Particular Proposition
Al-qadiyyah al-kharijiyyah – External proposition
Haji Sabzvari’s View
Al-qadiyyah al-haqiqiyyah – a Proposition about Essence
Creativity of the Human Mind
The Contingency of Essence, Mahiyyah
The Neediness of Essence
Nafsul Amr
Lecture 13, 24/02/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Conditions of the Relation between Subject and Predicate
Necessity
Impossibility
Contingency
Divisions of Necessity and Impossibility
By Itself
By Another Thing
Different Meanings of Imkan
A Broader and General Meaning
A Particular and Narrower Meaning
The Most Particular and Narrowest Meaning
Imkanul Istiqbali – Future Possibility
Lecture 14, 03/03/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Imkani isti’dadi – Potential Possibility
Examples for Instances of Potential Possibility
Imkani wuqu’I – Possibility of Happening or Occurring
Differences between Imkani isti’dadi, Essential Possibility and Imkani dhati, Potential Possibility
A Discussion regrading Mahiyyah, Essence
Three Major Questions in Philosophy and their Divisions
Matlabu ma
Matlabu haal
Matlabu lim
Lecture 15, 10/03/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Rulings related to Mahiyyah, Essence
Two Types of Predicates that Apply to Essence
Mahiyyah in Itself
Existence of Mahiyyah
An Alternative Explanation through the Two Types of Predication
The Considerations of Mahiyyah
Mahiyyah Mixed with Something Else
Mahiyyah without a Certain Quality
Mahiyyah without Condition
Lecture 16, 24/03/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Definition of Causality
Classification of Causes
First Classification: Real and Preparatory
Second Classification: Complete and Incomplete
Aristotle’s Classification: Four Types of Causes
Fourth Classification: Internal and External
Fifth Classification: Immediate and non-Immediate
Sixth Classification: Hierarchal and Same Level
An Introduction to the Principle of Causality
Lecture 17, 31/03/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Articulation of the Principle of Causality
Existential Poverty of Effect according to Sadra
Reasons for the Need of Cause
Empirical Theory
Theologians Theory
Primordality of Essence Theory
Existential Poverty of Effect Theory
Dependency on Cause: Initial or Continual
Lecture 18, 07/04/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Second Principle: Causal Necessity or Determination
Opponents of Causal Necessity
Physicists
Theologians
Third Principle: Conformity between Cause and Effect
Inductive Argument for Conformity
Deductive Argument for Conformity
Vicious Circle in Causality
Infinite Regress in Causality
Lecture 19, 21/04/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
‘Illatul gha’yyah – Reason for Performance of an Action
Difference Between ‘illatul gha’yyah and Result of Action
Relation between Action and the Result of Action
Questions regarding ‘illatul gha’yyah
Man’s Unintentional and Vain Actions
Al-‘illatul fa’iliyyah in Relation to Unintelligible Beings
Six Elements in Human/Intelligible Actions
Lecture 20, 28/04/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
A Discussion on Predestination and Free Will
Opinions Regarding Predestination and Free Will
Two Points Denying the Idea of Predestination
Precedence and Coming After
Seven Types of Precedence and Coming After
Lecture 21, 12/05/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Precedence in Time
Taqaddumu Rutbi – Gradational Precedence
Precedence in Honor
Al-taqaddum bil tab’a – the Incomplete Cause Precedes the Effect
Precedence in Causality
Al-taqaddummu bil tajawhur – Precedence in Formation of Mahiyyah
Precedence in Reality – al-taqaddummu bil haqiqah
A Discussion regarding the Reality of Precedence and To Follow
The Relation between Logic’s Universal Concepts of Mutawati and Mushakkik and Philosophy’s Precedence and To Follow
Sadra’s Explanation of Multiplicity
A Discussion regarding Time
Lecture 22, 06/10/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Definition of Temporal Eternity and Non-Eternity – Huduth and Qidam
Essential Huduth and Qidam
Precedence is not only a Matter of Time
Mahiyyah
Criterion for Needing Cause
Defining Essential Hadith and Temporal Hadith
Lecture 23, 13/10/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Terminology
Hulul
Mawdu’ – Subject
Substance and Accident
The Ten Categories
The Nine Types of ‘Arad, Accident
Lecture 24, 20/10/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
A Discussion regarding the Concept of Space
Two Major Idea regarding Space according to Philosophers
A Discussion regarding the Concept of Time
Harakah – Gradual Changing
The Types of Beings that have Time
Sadra’s Idea of Change in Substance
Types of Times
The Concept of Moment in Philosophy
Five Types of Substance
Lecture 25, 24/11/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
A Continuation of the Discussion regarding the Five Types of Substance
A Discussion regarding Jism
Theologians Idea
Democritus’s Opinion
The View of the Philosophers
Lecture 26, 01/12/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
The Concept of Change and the Different Perspectives regarding it
Parmenides Argument for the Impossibility of Change
Aristotle’s Counter Argument
Aristotle’s Idea of Gradual and Instant Change
The Categories in which Aristotle Accepted Motion and Avicenna and Sadra’s Views
The Implications of Motion
The Six Requisites for Motion according to Aristotle and Avicenna
Sadra’s View on Motion in Substance
Lecture 27, 15/12/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Arguments for Substantial Motion
Argument One, through Distinction of Jawhar and ‘Arad
Argument Two – Modes of Existence
Argument Three – through the Concept of Time
Argument Four – based on the Concept of Ghayah
The Fifth Argument by Allamah Tabataba-ii
Lecture 28, 15/12/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Knowing God
The Concept of God
The Idea of the Philosophers before Sadra
Sadra’s View
Methods for Human Beings to Know God
Through the Heart
Through Science, Perceptions and Nature
Through Philosophy
Lecture 29, 16/09/2017
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Arguments Proving the Existence of God
Terminology
Burhane Siddiqin
Farabi’s Argument
Avicenna’s Burhane Siddiqin
Sadra’s Burhane Siddiqin
Unity of God
Sadra’s Argument
Shaykh al-Ishraq’s Argument
Lecture 30 part I, 26/01/2018
Video Audio
Lecture 30 part II, 26/01/2018
Video Audio
Man’s Ability or Inability to Understand Divine Attributes through Reason
The View of Muslim Scholars
God has nothing in Common with Creation
Assuming there is something Common, Man cannot Understand
We can only follow Holy Texts
The View of the Muslim Philosophers
Classification of Divine Attributes
Attributes of Essence
Attributes of Action
Lecture 31, 02/02/2018
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Quality of Action
Two Types of Knowledge God has regarding Human Beings
Qualities of God being Identical with His Essence
Arguments for Divine Qualities
Sadra’s Burhane Siddiqin
Philosophical Argument
Theological Argument
Common Points between the Second and Third Arguments
God’s Actions
Is the World Eternal or non-Eternal?
Theologian’s Approach
Philosopher’s Approach
Sadra’s View
Lecture 32, 09/02/2018
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Different Realms
Physical World
Divine Universe
Discussion regarding the Existence of a World lower than the Physical
Discussion regarding the Existence of a World between the Physical and Divine
Muslim Philosopher’s Arguments to Prove this Existence
Proving the number of Worlds in the View of Muslim Philosophers
Lecture 33, 14/02/2018
Video Audio
This lecture studies the following:
Divine Decree and Measure
Qadr, ,measure
Philosopher’s View
Theologian’s View
Ash’arites and Mu’tazilites
Divine Decree, Qada
The Discussion of Evil
The Reality of Evil and its Origins
Wisdom behind Evil